What materials are used during restorative treatment?

Materials used in restorative dental treatments include amalgam, composite resins, glass ionomer cements (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGIC), compomes, and dental ceramics. Amalgam has been favored for many years for its durability and affordability, but it carries some risks due to its negative aesthetic effects and mercury content. Composite resins are materials preferred for aesthetic reasons and can match tooth color. They contain inorganic fillers such as silica or zirconia. Glass ionomer cements chemically bond with the tooth and release fluoride, which helps prevent decay. Resin-modified glass ionomer cements, on the other hand, contain resins that increase their durability. Compomes are a combination of composite resins and glass ionomer cements. While they release fluoride, they have limited wear resistance. Materials such as dental ceramics, porcelain, and zirconium offer excellent aesthetic and biocompatibility and are commonly used for crowns and veneers. The selection is based on the size and location of the filling, aesthetic requirements, and the individual needs of the patient.